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The Accademia della Crusca (:akkaˈdɛːmja ˈdella ˈkruska) (Academy of the bran), generally abbreviated as La Crusca, is an Italian society for scholars and Italian linguists and philologists established in Florence. It is the most important research institution on Italian language〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Accademia )〕 as well as the oldest linguistic academy in the world.〔(Informazioni sulle origini ) from La Crusca website.〕 The Accademia was founded in Florence in 1583 and, until 1900, it has been characterized by its efforts to maintain the purity of the Italian language.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The reopening of the Accademia (1811) and the fifth edition of the Vocabolario (1863–1923) )〕 ' means "bran" in Italian, which conveys the metaphor that its work is similar to winnowing as it is well explained by the emblem of the Accademia della Crusca that depicts a sifter that is straining out corrupt words and structures (as wheat is separated from bran). The academy motto is ''"Il più bel fior ne coglie"'' ('She gathers the fairest flower'), a famous verse of the Italians poet Francesco Petrarca. In 1612, the ''Accademia'' published the first edition of its Dictionary: the ''Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The first edition of the Vocabolario (1612) )〕 which also served as the model for similar works in French, Spanish, German and English.〔 The academy is a member of the European Federation of National Linguistic Institutes,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Partner List )〕 a body convened to develop a joint policy to protect the integrity of national languages. The Federation has two Italian members: the Accademia della Crusca and the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano del CNR (an initiative launched by the Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche with the collaboration of the Accademia della Crusca).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Recent history )〕 == Origins == The founders were originally called the ''brigata dei Crusconi'' and constituted a kind of circle, where the members included poets, men of letters, and lawyers. The members usually assembled on pleasant and convivial occasions, during which ''cruscate''—discourses in a merry and playful style, which have neither a beginning nor an end—were recited for the purposes of fun. The declared intention of the group was to create a distance between itself and the pedantry of the Accademia Fiorentina, protected by Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici, and to contrast itself with the severe and classicising style of that body. The Crusconi battled against the classical pedantry of the Accademia through the use of humour, satire, and irony. However, it was important that this battle was fought without compromising the primary intention of the group, which was typically literary, and expounded in high quality literary disputes. The founders of the Accademia della Crusca are traditionally identified as: Giovanni Battista Deti (‘Sollo’), Anton Francesco Grazzini (‘Lasca’), Bernardo Canigiani (‘Gramolato’), Bernardo Zanchini (‘Macerato’), Bastiano de’ Rossi (‘Inferigno’); they were joined in October 1582 by Lionardo Salviati〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Infarinato )〕 ('Infarinato') (1540–1589). Under his forceful leadership, and based on his defining contributions, at the beginning of 1583, the Accademia took on a new form, directing itself definitively to the end that the academicians now identified: to demonstrate and to conserve the beauty of the Florentine vulgar tongue, modelled upon the authors of the Trecento.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Origins and foundation )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Accademia della Crusca」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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